Loading…
Loading…
Save device lock-in with these 1 free and open source alternatives that work great on macOS.
| App | Price | Open Source | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kindle | device lock-in | No | — |
| Calibre | Free | Yes | Productivity |
Amazon Kindle dominates the ebook market with over 500 million devices sold worldwide and controls approximately 67% of the US ebook market, but this dominance comes with serious trade-offs that affect book ownership, privacy, and digital freedom. DRM (Digital Rights Management) locks your purchased books to Amazon's apps and devices, preventing format conversion, sharing across platforms, or even guaranteed permanent access. You don't truly own your ebooks—Amazon has remotely removed titles from users' libraries without warning, most famously deleting George Orwell's 1984 in 2009, demonstrating the fragility of digital book 'ownership' in walled gardens. Recent 2025 updates have tightened restrictions further, breaking popular DRM removal tools, eliminating direct download options for purchased content, and implementing new encryption schemes that make it virtually impossible for users to back up their own libraries.
If you value book ownership, format freedom, cross-platform compatibility, privacy, and the right to read without corporate surveillance, there are excellent free alternatives available that respect your digital rights. Calibre gives you complete library management with support for 20+ formats and powerful automation tools. KOReader transforms e-ink devices into open platforms with superior PDF handling and EPUB support. Apple Books provides a polished reading experience with access to thousands of free public domain titles integrated directly into the store.
Moon+ Reader for Android offers gesture-based reading with extensive customization options. The open-source ecosystem offers powerful tools that respect your digital rights while delivering exceptional reading experiences, often surpassing Kindle's capabilities in format flexibility, customization, and user control. These alternatives free you from vendor lock-in, allow you to build a library that will last decades regardless of corporate policy changes, and restore the fundamental rights that should come with book ownership—the right to read what you want, when you want, on any device you choose, without permission or surveillance.
The Swiss Army knife of ebook management
brew install --cask calibreCalibre is the gold standard for ebook management—completely free and open source with over 15 years of active development and a community of millions of users worldwide. It functions as a complete ebook workstation: organize your library with sophisticated metadata management, convert between formats with professional-grade quality, edit ebooks directly with integrated HTML/CSS tools, fetch news from 1,500+ sources automatically converted to ebooks, and sync with any e-reader hardware. Unlike Kindle, Calibre stores your books as files you control on your local system with no cloud dependency or corporate oversight.
It supports virtually every ebook format including EPUB, MOBI, AZW3, PDF, DOCX, ODT, RTF, TXT, HTML, LIT, PDB, and dozens more, with lossless conversion that preserves formatting, metadata, and cover art. The integrated ebook viewer handles all supported formats with customizable reading options including adjustable fonts, color schemes, page layouts, and reading statistics. Calibre's content server turns your library into a private streaming service accessible from any device on your network via web browser, complete with OPDS catalog support for integration with mobile readers.
The plugin system extends functionality with over 300 community-developed extensions for everything from advanced DRM handling to Goodreads integration to custom metadata sources. Batch operations allow you to edit metadata, convert formats, or update covers for thousands of books simultaneously using search and replace with regex support.
Best for: Power users who want complete control over their ebook library with professional-grade management and format conversion
Beautiful reading with free public domain access
Built into macOS—find it in your Applications folder or download from the Mac App StoreApple Books delivers a polished, native reading experience that rivals Kindle's interface quality while respecting user privacy far better than Amazon's ecosystem. With one major advantage over Kindle: access to over 30,000 free public domain titles directly from Project Gutenberg integrated into the store interface, requiring zero additional setup or external sources. The app syncs seamlessly across all your Apple devices via iCloud, automatically remembering your reading position down to the exact word, syncing highlights and notes bidirectionally, and backing up your entire library without user intervention.
While it also sells contemporary titles, the free classics library means you can read Shakespeare, Austen, Dickens, Tolstoy, and thousands more literary masterpieces without spending a cent. The interface is clean, intuitive, and beautifully designed with smooth page turns powered by Core Animation, excellent night mode implementation with true black for OLED screens, and gorgeous typography using professionally selected fonts including Times New Roman, Athelas, Charter, Georgia, Iowan, Palatino, San Francisco, Seravek, and any custom fonts you install. Apple Books integrates deeply with macOS and iOS, supporting features like Handoff (continue reading on another device instantly), Siri reading aloud, system-wide text selection and lookup, and OverDrive/Libby for borrowing from your local public library directly within the app.
Best for: Apple users who want a polished, zero-setup reading experience with instant access to free classics
Distraction-free reading for Linux
flatpak install flathub com.github.johnfactotum.FoliateFoliate is a modern, GTK-based ebook reader designed specifically for Linux with over 100,000 downloads and growing adoption across distributions. It emphasizes a clean, distraction-free reading experience with beautiful typography inspired by Apple Books and smooth hardware-accelerated animations that feel native to GNOME and other GTK-based desktop environments. Version 3.0 brought a complete GTK 4 rewrite with hardware-accelerated page transitions using OpenGL that feel like turning real pages, adaptive layout that works beautifully on phones and tablets via Librem and PinePhone, and improved performance with reduced memory usage.
It supports EPUB, MOBI, Kindle AZW/AZW3, FictionBook FB2/FB2.ZIP, comic books (CBZ/CBR), and more, with excellent rendering quality using WebKit2GTK for maximum compatibility. The built-in OPDS integration lets you discover and download free ebooks directly from Project Gutenberg, Standard Ebooks, Feedbooks, and other catalogs without leaving the app, with full catalog browsing, search, and one-click downloads.
Best for: Linux users who want a native, beautiful ebook reader with OPDS support and GNOME integration
Transform any e-ink device into an open reader
Download from koreader.rocks for your specific device modelKOReader is an open-source document viewer meticulously optimized for e-ink devices like Kindle, Kobo, PocketBook, reMarkable, Onyx Boox, and over 20 other models, bringing true format freedom to locked-down hardware. It unlocks capabilities Amazon intentionally restricts—install it on a Kindle and suddenly you can read EPUB files natively without conversion, customize every aspect of the UI down to sub-pixel font rendering and gamma curves, and enjoy superior PDF handling that rivals dedicated PDF readers costing hundreds of dollars. The PDF reflow feature is genuinely exceptional for academic papers and scanned documents on small screens, using intelligent algorithms to detect columns, headers, footers, and figures, then reformatting text for optimal readability while preserving logical flow.
It syncs reading progress, bookmarks, and highlights across all your devices via KOReader Cloud (self-hostable) or third-party services like Dropbox, ensuring you never lose your place. The statistics tracking is comprehensive, logging reading speed, time spent per book, and completion percentages with beautiful charts. Integration with Calibre's wireless connection allows seamless library management without USB cables.
Best for: E-ink device owners who want open format support, advanced PDF handling, and complete control
Lightweight powerhouse for Android
Install from F-Droid (fully open source) or Google Play StoreLibrera Reader (previously known as Lirbi Reader and PRO Reader) is a free, open-source ebook reader for Android that supports virtually every format imaginable—PDF, EPUB, EPUB3, MOBI, DJVU, FB2, FB2.ZIP, TXT, RTF, AZW, AZW3, HTML, CBZ, CBR, DOC, DOCX, and over 20 others, making it the most format-flexible reader available on any platform. With more than 17 million downloads across the Google Play Store and F-Droid, it has proven itself as a lightweight yet powerful alternative to Kindle that respects user freedom. Librera is significantly lighter and more responsive than the bloated Kindle app while offering genuinely advanced features like Bionic Reading mode that highlights word prefixes for improved focus and reading speed (proven effective for ADHD readers), configurable text-to-speech with MP3 export for creating audiobooks from any text, and a musician's mode with auto-scrolling at precise speeds perfect for reading sheet music during performance. The interface is highly customizable with themes ranging from minimalist to feature-rich, custom font support including Google Fonts integration, and gesture controls tailored to your reading preferences and hand size.
Best for: Android users who want a lightweight, format-flexible reader with advanced features like Bionic Reading
Lightning-fast document viewer for Windows
Download from sumatrapdfreader.org or install via: winget install SumatraPDF.SumatraPDFSumatra PDF is a free, open-source document viewer for Windows that's incredibly lightweight, fast, and focused on doing one thing exceptionally well—displaying documents instantly without bloat. The entire application is under 10MB (compared to Adobe Reader's 300+ MB) and launches in under a second, making it perfect for quick document viewing without the bloat, slow startup, or security vulnerabilities of Adobe Reader. While primarily known for exceptional PDF support including XFA forms and JavaScript, it also handles ebook formats including EPUB, MOBI, FB2, CHM (Windows help files), and comic books (CBZ/CBR with RAR support).
It's designed with minimalism in mind following the Unix philosophy—no unnecessary features, complex menus, or feature creep, just fast, reliable document viewing with essential reading tools like bookmarks, table of contents navigation, and customizable keyboard shortcuts for power users. The portable version requires no installation and can run from a USB drive, making it ideal for IT professionals and users who need document access on locked-down systems.
Best for: Windows users who want a fast, lightweight, no-nonsense document and ebook viewer
Cross-platform reading with cloud sync
Download from fbreader.org for your platform or install via package managersFBReader (FavouriteBook Reader) is one of the oldest and most popular ebook readers with over 50 million downloads across Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS platforms since its initial release in 2005. It pioneered many features now standard in ebook readers and continues active development with regular updates. FBReader supports major ebook formats including EPUB, MOBI, FB2 (FictionBook), HTML, RTF, and plain text, with excellent rendering quality and customization options. Cloud synchronization for reading positions, bookmarks, collections, and preferences works across all platforms via FBReader's proprietary sync service, allowing you to seamlessly switch between your phone, tablet, and computer while maintaining your reading progress and library organization. The interface is clean, customizable, and designed for distraction-free reading with extensive options for fonts, colors, page layouts, and reading modes. FBReader's network library catalog provides access to thousands of free ebooks from various sources including Project Gutenberg, Feedbooks, and OPDS catalogs, with integrated browsing, search, and downloading.
Best for: Users who want cross-platform reading with cloud synchronization across Windows, Mac, Linux, and mobile
Accessible reading for everyone
brew install --cask thorium-readerThorium Reader is a free, open-source ebook reader specifically designed with accessibility in mind, developed by the EDRLab (European Digital Reading Lab) consortium of publishers, libraries, and accessibility organizations. It provides exceptional support for screen readers like NVDA, JAWS, and VoiceOver, full keyboard navigation throughout the entire interface, and extensive visual adjustments for users with dyslexia, low vision, color blindness, and other reading disabilities. It's fully compliant with EPUB Accessibility 1.0 standards and WCAG 2.1 Level AA guidelines, supporting DRM-free EPUB and PDF files with tagged PDF support for accessibility.
The interface is clean, modern, and built with Electron for cross-platform compatibility across Windows, macOS, and Linux with native performance. Thorium includes features specifically designed for users with disabilities: reflow and customization options that go far beyond typical readers, high-contrast modes, spacing adjustments to reduce visual crowding, and specialized dyslexia-friendly fonts. Unlike commercial readers that treat accessibility as an afterthought, Thorium was designed from the ground up with disabled readers as the primary audience.
Best for: Users who need accessibility features, screen reader support, or have dyslexia and reading disabilities
Gesture-based reading perfected
Install from Google Play StoreMoon+ Reader is one of Android's most popular and feature-rich ebook readers with over 30 million downloads and a dedicated user base that considers it the best reading app on any platform. It supports an incredibly comprehensive range of formats including EPUB, PDF, DJVU, AZW3, MOBI, FB2, PRC, CHM, CBZ, CBR, UMD, DOCX, ODT, RTF, TXT, HTML, WEBP, and even compressed archives like RAR and ZIP. What sets Moon+ Reader apart is its obsessive attention to customization and control—24 customizable operations across screen clicks, swipe gestures, and hardware keys can trigger 15+ events including search, bookmarks, themes, navigation, font adjustments, and more.
The visual customization is unmatched with 10+ built-in themes, day/night auto-switching, line spacing adjustment, font scaling, bold and italic formatting, text shadows, justified alignment, alpha color controls, and fading page edges. Auto-scrolling with adjustable speeds makes it perfect for hands-free reading during meals or exercise. The backup and restore system syncs reading positions between phones and tablets via Dropbox, ensuring continuity across devices. Annotation capabilities are professional-grade with highlighting in multiple colors, margin notes, bookmarks with labels, dictionary lookup (supporting ColorDict, GoldenDict, Fora, ABBYY Lingvo), and translation features.
Best for: Android power users who want maximum customization, gesture controls, and format support
26 formats with cloud sync
Install from App Store (iOS/Mac) or Google Play Store (Android)PocketBook Reader is the official companion app for PocketBook e-readers, but it works as a standalone reading app on iOS, Android, Windows, and macOS with impressive capabilities. It supports an industry-leading 26 book and audio formats including EPUB, MOBI, FB2, PDF, DJVU, DOCX, RTF, TXT, HTML, CBZ, CBR, and even audiobook formats like MP3 and M4B, making it one of the most format-comprehensive readers available. The free PocketBook Cloud service synchronizes your entire library including books, audiobooks, reading positions, notes, bookmarks, and collections across all devices automatically with 2GB of free cloud storage (expandable to 50GB).
Integration with Dropbox and Google Drive allows you to access books stored in your existing cloud storage without importing them locally. The PDF reflow function intelligently reformats PDF documents for small screens by detecting text blocks and reflowing them, making it possible to read scanned documents and academic papers comfortably on phones. Text-to-speech engine built into the app can voice any text file in multiple languages with adjustable speed and pitch.
The reading interface offers extensive customization including adjustable fonts, text size, line spacing, margins, page-turn effects, and themes. Unlike many readers, PocketBook is completely ad-free even in the free version.
Best for: Users who need extensive format support with cloud sync across mobile and desktop platforms
Modern open-source reader for Android
Install from F-Droid or GitHub releasesBook's Story is a new, modern open-source ebook reader for Android built with Material You design principles and a focus on privacy, simplicity, and user experience. Unlike older readers with cluttered interfaces, Book's Story provides a clean, intuitive experience that feels native to modern Android with dynamic color theming that adapts to your wallpaper. It supports EPUB, FB2, TXT, HTML, and PDF formats with excellent rendering quality using web technologies for maximum compatibility.
The app is completely free with no ads, no tracking, no account requirements, and no premium upsells—genuine free and open source licensed under GPLv3. Reading customization includes adjustable fonts, line spacing, paragraph spacing, margins, text alignment, and hyphenation with multiple color themes. The app includes a built-in translator for reading books in foreign languages with on-demand translation of selected text.
Library management features include collections, search, sorting, and metadata editing with automatic cover downloads. Despite being newer and less known than established readers, Book's Story has gained popularity among privacy-conscious users who want a modern reading experience without corporate data collection.
Best for: Privacy-conscious Android users who want a modern, Material You ebook reader without tracking
→ Calibre is your liberation toolkit and central command center for building a DRM-free library. Import your existing DRM-free purchases using Amazon's 'Download and Transfer' feature (available for select titles), convert formats between EPUB and MOBI seamlessly with one click, and build a library you truly own stored on your local system with full backup control. Pair it with KOReader installed on your Kindle (if jailbroken) for full format freedom including native EPUB support without conversion quality loss. Use Calibre's content server to access your library from any device via web browser on your local network, effectively creating your own personal Kindle Cloud. This combination gives you complete independence from Amazon's ecosystem while maintaining compatibility with your existing hardware investment. For Android users, Moon+ Reader provides the best Calibre Companion integration with wireless library browsing and syncing.
→ KOReader excels here with its advanced PDF reflow technology that's genuinely transformative for academic reading. Scanned documents and multi-column academic papers with complex layouts become readable on small e-ink screens through intelligent column detection, header/footer removal, and text reformatting that preserves logical flow while optimizing for readability. The zoom and pan controls are meticulously optimized for e-ink refresh rates, making navigation smooth even on older devices. Annotation tools support academic workflows with highlighting, margin notes, and export to standard formats. No other reader handles PDFs this well on e-ink devices—Adobe Reader on dedicated e-readers is sluggish and basic by comparison. For desktop PDF reading, Sumatra PDF on Windows or the built-in Preview app on Mac offer fast, lightweight alternatives to bloated commercial PDF readers while maintaining excellent rendering quality.
→ Apple Books offers the most frictionless access to public domain books for Mac users with zero configuration required. Browse and download from 30,000+ free titles from Project Gutenberg, all beautifully formatted with professional typography and cover designs, with seamless iCloud sync to your iPhone and iPad. The reading experience is polished with carefully selected fonts and smooth page turns. For non-Apple users, Calibre combined with OPDS catalogs provides access to Project Gutenberg (70,000+ books), Standard Ebooks (beautifully typeset classics), Feedbooks, and other free sources with one-click downloads and automatic library organization. Foliate on Linux offers excellent OPDS integration built directly into the reading interface with catalog browsing and search. All three approaches give you access to the same classic literature—choose based on your platform and preference for automatic curation versus manual control.
→ Calibre is unmatched for library management at scale and becomes increasingly valuable as your collection grows. Organize thousands of books with custom metadata fields, tags, series detection, and virtual libraries that create filtered views without duplicating files. Create smart collections based on complex criteria like author nationality, publication decade, reading status, or custom tags. The search functionality is professional-grade with regex support, saved searches, and boolean operators. Batch edit metadata across hundreds of books simultaneously with find-and-replace operations. Maintain consistency across formats and devices with automated conversion profiles that apply standard settings. Calibre's plugin system extends capabilities with automatic metadata fetching from specialized sources, duplicate detection, reading list management, and Goodreads integration. No other tool comes close for serious ebook collectors building libraries intended to last decades.
→ Moon+ Reader handles every format imaginable including Kindle AZW/AZW3 files that most Android readers reject, providing complete format freedom without conversion. The gesture-based interface is unmatched with 24 customizable operations across taps, swipes, and hardware keys that trigger any reading action—adjust brightness with volume keys, turn pages with swipes, open bookmarks with corner taps. Text-to-speech with MP3 export lets you create audiobooks from any text for commute listening. Cloud folder integration via Dropbox keeps your library synced without proprietary services or accounts. The Bionic Reading mode genuinely enhances focus and reading speed by highlighting word prefixes. You get superior functionality compared to the Kindle app without Amazon's ecosystem restrictions, data collection, or advertisement recommendations. For users preferring open source, Librera Reader offers similar format support with active development.
→ Thorium Reader is specifically designed for users who need accessibility features and is the gold standard for accessible digital reading, developed in consultation with disability organizations. Full screen reader compatibility with NVDA, JAWS, and VoiceOver provides spoken feedback for all interface elements and reading content. Keyboard-only navigation with logical tab order allows complete control without mouse or touchscreen. Visual adjustments include dyslexia-friendly fonts (OpenDyslexic, AccessibleDFA), configurable spacing to reduce visual crowding, high-contrast color schemes for low vision, and customizable text size up to 72pt. The text-to-speech implementation uses natural system voices with adjustable speed, pitch, and highlighting sync. Tagged PDF support ensures accessibility for academic papers and forms. For users with accessibility needs, Thorium's purpose-built design significantly surpasses Kindle's inconsistent accessibility support that was added as an afterthought.
→ For Apple ecosystem users, Apple Books provides flawless iCloud sync across Mac, iPhone, and iPad with reading positions, highlights, notes, and library organization synchronized automatically in real-time. For cross-platform users spanning Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS, FBReader offers the most comprehensive sync solution with cloud synchronization of reading positions, bookmarks, collections, and preferences via FBReader accounts. PocketBook Reader provides excellent cross-platform support with PocketBook Cloud syncing books, positions, and annotations with 2GB free storage. For users preferring self-hosted solutions, Calibre's content server combined with web browser access provides platform-agnostic library access, though it requires your server to be running and accessible. The fragmentation is admittedly worse than Kindle's seamless sync, requiring more initial setup, but the tradeoff is independence from a single vendor's policy changes.
→ Open-source readers respect your privacy by design with no tracking, analytics, or data collection. Calibre stores everything locally with no cloud dependency or internet requirement—your reading habits are private by default. KOReader on e-ink devices operates completely offline with optional self-hosted sync servers you control. Book's Story for Android is explicitly privacy-focused with no tracking, no accounts, and no data collection verified through open-source code review. Thorium Reader collects no user data and is developed by a nonprofit consortium. Contrast this with Kindle, which sends detailed reading analytics to Amazon including reading speed, time spent per page, highlights, and search queries used for algorithmic recommendations and market research. For readers who value privacy, avoiding Kindle and choosing open-source alternatives is the most effective approach.
→ Calibre's ebook editor combined with Sumatra PDF (Windows) or Preview (Mac) for PDFs provides the best technical reading experience. Programming books often include code samples, diagrams, and tables that require fixed-width fonts, syntax highlighting preservation, and precise layout control. Calibre's EPUB editor allows you to modify CSS to enforce monospaced fonts for code blocks, adjust syntax highlighting, and fix publisher formatting mistakes common in technical ebooks. For PDF technical books with code samples, Sumatra PDF's fast rendering and continuous scroll mode make navigation smoother than Adobe Reader. On Linux, Foliate's adjustable fonts and spacing work well for technical content. Many technical publishers like O'Reilly, Manning, and Pragmatic Bookshelf offer DRM-free EPUB and PDF downloads that work perfectly with these tools.
As of December 2025, Amazon allows EPUB/PDF downloads for DRM-free books only through the 'Download and Transfer via USB' option in your content management page at amazon.com/mycd. Log in, filter your library for DRM-free titles (indicated with 'DRM: None' on product pages before purchase—often indie authors, self-published works, and public domain titles), select them, and choose 'Download & transfer via USB' to get actual file downloads. Note that Amazon is deprecating MOBI downloads in favor of EPUB for DRM-free content, which actually benefits users since EPUB is the universal standard. Import these EPUB files into Calibre to build your library. Export your books before Amazon changes policies again—they've restricted download options multiple times in the past year. For DRM-protected books (the vast majority of purchases), there is no legal export method, highlighting the importance of buying DRM-free going forward.
Start fresh with Project Gutenberg (70,000+ free ebooks in EPUB, MOBI, and other formats), Standard Ebooks (beautifully formatted classics with modern typography, professional cover designs, and semantic markup), and your local public library via Libby/OverDrive (borrow contemporary ebooks legally with just a library card—millions of titles available). Open Library offers 1.7 million free ebooks including contemporary titles through controlled digital lending. ManyBooks provides 50,000+ curated free titles across genres. All sources are legal, DRM-free, and available in EPUB format compatible with every reader except Kindle. Import them into Calibre to build a library that you truly own without spending a cent. Use Calibre's 'Get Books' plugin to search multiple free sources simultaneously and download with automatic metadata. This approach builds a permanent library immune to corporate policy changes.
Kobo e-readers (owned by Rakuten) natively support EPUB and integrate with public library lending via OverDrive built directly into the device firmware, requiring no computer or additional apps. They also run KOReader without requiring jailbreaking (unlike Kindle), providing instant format freedom and customization. Kobo devices accept books from any source via USB file transfer with no conversion required for EPUB files. Many former Kindle users find Kobo hardware comparable in quality with similar e-ink screens (Carta 1200 or Carta 1300), adjustable color temperature front lights, and waterproof designs. The Kobo Clara BW ($119) and Clara Colour ($149) compete directly with Kindle Paperwhite ($139) but offer open format support. The Kobo Libra Colour ($199) matches the Kindle Oasis form factor with page-turn buttons. Sync your Calibre library to Kobo via USB or Calibre's wireless connection.
Install Calibre as your central library management system regardless of which reading apps you use for actual reading. Use it to standardize metadata across your collection with automatic tag generation, series detection, and professional cover art downloads from multiple sources. Convert formats for different devices with custom conversion profiles—EPUB for most modern readers, MOBI for older Kindles (pre-2022), PDF for print, AZW3 for newer Kindles. Enable the content server (Preferences → Sharing → Sharing over the net) to access your library from any device via web browser on your local network, creating a personal ebook streaming service. Create virtual libraries to organize books into reading lists without duplicating files—separate views for 'Currently Reading', 'To Read', 'Read', genres, or custom criteria. This centralized approach ensures one authoritative library that syncs to all your readers, with your files safely stored locally under your control.
Export your Kindle highlights and notes before migrating using third-party tools like Bookcision (browser extension for Chrome/Firefox) or by manually copying from read.amazon.com/notebook. Bookcision exports to JSON, Markdown, or plain text formats for archival or import into note-taking apps like Obsidian, Notion, or Roam. For books with DRM protection, highlights are viewable on Amazon's website but remain locked to Amazon's ecosystem—export them while you still have access. Calibre stores its own annotations in its internal SQLite database with export capabilities to CSV or custom formats via plugins. Apple Books syncs annotations via iCloud with export to Notes app. KOReader uses its own sync service for progress and notes with export to plain text. Plan your annotation strategy before migration—decide whether to preserve old Kindle notes (export and archive) or start fresh with a system you fully control going forward. Consider this an opportunity to build a better annotation workflow.
Jailbreaking older Kindle devices (models from 2019 and earlier, firmware 5.14.2 and below) allows installation of KOReader, unlocking native EPUB support, superior PDF handling, and extensive customization options Amazon intentionally restricts. Check the MobileRead wiki for jailbreak availability for your specific Kindle model and firmware version—Kindle Paperwhite 3 (2015), Voyage, and Oasis 2 are relatively easy to jailbreak with established tools. Newer models with firmware 5.15+ are increasingly difficult or currently impossible due to Amazon patching exploits. Once jailbroken, install KUAL (Kindle Unified Application Launcher) followed by KOReader, which runs alongside the native Kindle reader. This gives you the best of both worlds—access to your purchased Kindle books in the native app and format freedom for everything else in KOReader. Note that jailbreaking voids warranty and carries a small risk of bricking if done incorrectly. For users wanting guaranteed open format support, buying a Kobo device that runs KOReader natively without jailbreaking is the safer approach.
The single most important migration decision is committing to DRM-free ebook purchases going forward to avoid future lock-in. DRM (Digital Rights Management) cryptographically locks books to specific apps and devices, preventing backup, format conversion, or reading after service discontinuation. Check product pages before purchasing—Amazon and Apple indicate DRM status (though Amazon buries it). Seek out DRM-free stores: Tor Books (all their ebooks DRM-free since 2013), Standard Ebooks (public domain, free), Smashwords, Gumroad, Leanpub (technical books), and author direct sales often provide DRM-free files. O'Reilly, Pragmatic Bookshelf, and Manning offer DRM-free technical books. Google Play Books allows publishers to choose, with DRM status indicated before purchase. Support authors who respect readers' rights by choosing DRM-free options even if slightly more expensive—you're paying for genuine ownership. Build your new library with files you control, and you'll never face another forced migration.
Protect your ebook library with automated backups configured in Calibre to prevent data loss from hardware failure, ransomware, or accidental deletion. Calibre's library consists of two components: the library folder containing book files and covers, and the metadata database (metadata.db) containing all organizational information, tags, custom columns, and reading status. Go to Preferences → Miscellaneous → Change calibre behavior and check 'Automatically backup metadata when running calibre'. This creates daily backups in the library folder's 'metadata_db_backups' subfolder. For full library backup, set up automated copying to external drives or cloud storage using rsync (Linux/Mac), Robocopy (Windows), or backup software like Time Machine, Backblaze, or Crashplan. Calibre libraries are portable—the entire folder can be moved to different computers or restored after system reinstalls. Consider maintaining a second copy on a NAS or cloud storage for disaster recovery. Your library represents years of collecting and organizing—protect it accordingly.
OPDS (Open Publication Distribution System) is an open standard for browsing and downloading ebooks supported by most free readers but notably absent from Kindle. Add OPDS catalogs to Calibre, KOReader, Foliate, Moon+ Reader, PocketBook, and others for discovering free books without leaving the app. Essential OPDS catalogs include: Project Gutenberg (www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/search.opds), Standard Ebooks (standardebooks.org/opds), Feedbooks Public Domain (www.feedbooks.com/publicdomain/catalog.atom), Internet Archive (bookserver.archive.org/catalog), and your local library if they support OPDS. In Calibre, use the 'Get Books' search with OPDS sources. In KOReader, add catalogs under Menu → Search → Catalog Manager. OPDS provides a federated alternative to centralized stores—browse multiple sources through one interface, download directly to your device, and maintain complete control over your library without accounts or DRM.
Best for anyone who wants true ownership of their ebook library with professional-grade management tools that will last decades. It's the complete package—library management with sophisticated metadata and tagging, format conversion supporting 20+ formats with lossless quality, metadata editing with bulk operations, device syncing for 30+ e-readers, content server for network access, news fetching from 1,500+ sources, and an integrated reader—all completely free and open source. No other tool gives you this level of control over your books regardless of format, device, or source. The learning curve is real, but worth it for serious readers who value digital ownership and expect their library to outlast corporate platforms. Calibre works with any e-reader hardware, supports virtually every ebook format, and is actively developed with a massive plugin ecosystem extending functionality. It's the foundation for building a personal library you'll own for decades, immune to corporate policy changes, DRM restrictions, or service discontinuations. For anyone building a library with more than 100 books or who cares about format freedom, Calibre is essential infrastructure.
Best for casual readers in the Apple ecosystem who prioritize user experience and convenience over advanced features. Zero setup required—it's already installed on every Mac, iPhone, and iPad. Beautiful reading interface with professional typography, smooth page turns, and excellent dark mode implementation rival Kindle's polish. Instant access to thousands of free classics from Project Gutenberg integrated directly into the store requires no external sources or configuration. The iCloud sync between devices is completely transparent and reliable, matching Kindle's seamless experience. Accessibility features including VoiceOver, adjustable text size, and Speak Screen work flawlessly. While it lacks Calibre's power features like format conversion and complex library management, most casual readers don't need those capabilities. For Apple users reading occasionally without special requirements, Apple Books delivers everything needed without complexity, learning curves, or configuration. It's the rare case where the built-in option is genuinely excellent rather than a compromise.
Amazon's Kindle ecosystem is powerful but increasingly restrictive, with tightening control evident in 2025 policy changes that prioritize corporate interests over reader freedom. The elimination of download options for many books, strengthened DRM encryption breaking existing tools, and remote content removal demonstrate Amazon's willingness to restrict access to content you've purchased. The fundamental problem is that Kindle operates on a license model disguised as ownership—you're paying for temporary access contingent on Amazon's ongoing goodwill and policy decisions. The good news? The free alternatives are not merely acceptable substitutes—they're often superior in format flexibility, customization, privacy, and respect for digital rights. Calibre gives you complete library control with professional-grade tools rivaling paid software. KOReader transforms locked-down e-ink devices into open platforms supporting every format with features Amazon intentionally withholds. Apple Books offers polished reading with free classics for the Apple ecosystem without ecosystem lock-in risks (files are DRM-free). Moon+ Reader provides unmatched customization for Android users. The open EPUB ecosystem means you're never dependent on one company's goodwill, policy changes, or financial viability. Building a DRM-free library in Calibre creates independence—your books, your rules, your future-proof library that will outlast any single corporate platform. The migration requires initial effort, but you're investing in permanent ownership and freedom that corporate ecosystems can never provide.
Browse Productivity apps or discover curated bundles.
Productivity & Workflow Analyst
Jordan Kim focuses on productivity software, system utilities, and workflow optimization tools. With a background in operations management and process improvement, Jordan evaluates how well applications integrate into daily workflows and enhance overall productivity.