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GPU-based terminal emulator

Kitty — Official Website
Kitty stands out as a top-tier terminal emulator, particularly for power users and developers seeking a blend of high performance and extensive customization. Its GPU-accelerated rendering delivers a remarkably fast and fluid experience, while native multiplexing and the 'kitten' extension system provide powerful workflow enhancements. Although its text-based configuration might present a slight learning curve, the depth of control and the vibrant community support make it an incredibly rewarding choice for those willing to invest in its setup. Kitty consistently offers a modern, efficient, and visually appealing command-line environment.
brew install --cask kittyKitty is a free and open-source, GPU-accelerated terminal emulator designed for Linux, macOS, and some BSD distributions. It prioritizes performance by offloading rendering to the GPU, offering a highly responsive user experience. Written in a mix of C, Python, and Go, Kitty is known for its extensive features, including advanced text rendering, tiling capabilities, and a unique extensibility model through 'kittens' (small terminal programs).
Kitty is a modern terminal emulator whose design philosophy emphasizes performance, extensibility, and keyboard-driven interaction, distinguishing it within the competitive terminal landscape.
Kitty was initially released in 2017 by Kovid Goyal, who is also known for developing the Calibre e-book management software. It emerged as a response to the perceived limitations and performance bottlenecks of existing terminal emulators, aiming to leverage modern hardware capabilities. From its inception, Kitty focused on GPU acceleration and a highly customizable, text-based configuration, quickly gaining traction among power users seeking a faster and more flexible command-line experience.
Kitty's architecture is a carefully engineered blend of C, Python, and Go, optimized for both performance and flexibility. Performance-critical components, such as the core rendering engine, are written in C to ensure maximum speed and efficiency. The higher-level features, UI logic, and extensibility framework (for 'kittens') are implemented in Python, allowing for easy scripting and customization. Go is utilized for command-line 'kittens,' providing compiled performance for these utility programs. Crucially, Kitty renders everything using OpenGL, avoiding reliance on large, complex UI toolkits for a leaner footprint.
The Kitty ecosystem is built around its core application, a robust configuration system, and a powerful 'kitten' framework. Kittens are small, scriptable Python programs that extend Kitty's functionality, ranging from image display (`icat`) and file diffing to advanced clipboard management and interactive Unicode input. The terminal also features a unique graphics protocol, enabling applications to render rich pixel graphics directly within the terminal. This extensibility, combined with an active community sharing configurations and themes, fosters a dynamic environment for users to tailor Kitty to their precise needs.
Kitty maintains a consistent development cycle with regular updates, as evidenced by its stable release 0.44.0 in November 2025. The project's roadmap typically focuses on enhancing performance, refining existing features, and expanding the capabilities of its terminal graphics protocol and 'kitten' ecosystem. While specific long-term future features are not always explicitly published in a traditional roadmap document, continuous integration and community engagement on GitHub suggest ongoing efforts to push the boundaries of terminal emulator functionality and responsiveness.
Kitty leverages your graphics processing unit (GPU) for rendering, resulting in exceptionally fast and smooth performance, especially when handling graphically intensive output or scrolling large files. This offloading significantly reduces CPU strain and input latency compared to traditional terminal emulators.
Unlike many minimalist terminals, Kitty includes native support for tabs and window splitting, allowing users to manage multiple shell sessions within a single OS window. This integrated multiplexing capability provides a powerful workspace organization without relying on external tools like tmux.
Kitty's functionality is highly extensible through 'kittens,' which are small, scriptable Python programs. These kittens can add new features like image display (`icat`), interactive Unicode input, file comparison (`diff`), or even clipboard management, allowing for deep customization.
The emulator supports true color (24-bit, over 16 million colors) for rich visual fidelity, alongside advanced text formatting features. It also offers excellent support for programming font ligatures, where character sequences like `->` or `===` are rendered as single, cohesive glyphs, enhancing code readability.
Kitty pioneered a unique terminal graphics protocol that enables the display of high-resolution images and even animated GIFs directly within the terminal window. This feature, often used with the `icat` kitten, is invaluable for previewing images, diagrams, or screenshots without leaving the command line.
All of Kitty's settings are managed through a single, human-editable text file (`kitty.conf`), typically located in `~/.config/kitty/`. This file is extensively commented and self-documenting, making configuration straightforward and easy to track with version control systems.
Kitty offers a robust remote control system, allowing it to be controlled from shell prompts or scripts, even over SSH. This enables programmatic manipulation of terminal functions such as changing colors, opening new windows, setting titles, and sending/receiving text between sessions.
The emulator automatically detects and enables clickable hyperlinks within the terminal output. Users can interact with URLs, file paths, and other patterns to open them in a browser, editor, or perform custom actions, greatly streamlining workflows involving external resources.
Developers often manage multiple processes, compile code, and interact with version control systems. Kitty's integrated tabs and splits allow them to keep a backend server running in one pane, a frontend build in another, and their code editor open, all within a single, highly responsive terminal window, enhancing productivity.
Professionals managing servers or cloud infrastructure benefit from Kitty's remote control capabilities and session management. They can connect to multiple remote machines via SSH, automate tasks, and even share terminal sessions, all while maintaining a consistent and performant experience across different environments.
Individuals who prefer to navigate and control their environment primarily with the keyboard will appreciate Kitty's design philosophy. Almost all controls are keyboard-driven, and extensive customization options for shortcuts and keybindings allow for a highly efficient, mouse-minimal workflow.
For those who frequently work with markdown, documentation, or presentations, Kitty's image display capabilities are a significant advantage. They can preview diagrams, screenshots, or generated graphs directly in the terminal, eliminating the need to switch to a separate image viewer.
Installing Kitty on macOS can be done via various methods, with Homebrew being the most common and recommended approach for ease of management.
Open your macOS Terminal application and paste the following command: `/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"`. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the Homebrew installation, including adding it to your PATH.
Once Homebrew is installed, open a new terminal session and execute the command: `brew install kitty`. Homebrew will download and install the latest stable version of Kitty, including its dependencies.
Alternatively, you can download the `.dmg` file directly from Kitty's GitHub releases page and install it like any other macOS application by dragging it to your Applications folder. Ensure you download the correct version for your macOS architecture.
After installation, you can launch Kitty from your Applications folder, Launchpad, or by typing `kitty` in your existing terminal (if Homebrew linked it to your PATH) or via Spotlight search.
Kitty's configuration resides in `~/.config/kitty/kitty.conf`. The default file is heavily commented, serving as an excellent reference. To customize, copy the default configuration from `/usr/share/doc/kitty/kitty.conf` (on Linux) or generate it via `kitty +kitten config` and uncomment/modify desired lines.
To enhance readability, specify `font_family`, `font_size`, and enable `font_features` for ligatures in your `kitty.conf`. For example, `font_family Fira Code` and `font_features FiraCode-Retina +zero +onum` can be used. You can preview fonts with `kitty +kitten chose_fonts`.
Kitty supports various themes. You can interactively browse and apply themes using `kitty +kitten themes`. This kitten allows you to preview themes and set separate schemes for dark, light, or no-preference modes, dynamically adjusting with your system's appearance settings.
Utilize Kitty's built-in layouts for efficient workspace management. Define `enabled_layouts` in your config (e.g., `splits,stack`) and map keys to `toggle_layout` or `new_window_with_cwd` for quick window and tab creation. This can often replace external multiplexers.
For long-running commands, enable desktop notifications by uncommenting and configuring `notify_on_cmd_finish` in your `kitty.conf`. Set it to `invisible` to notify only when the window is not visible, or `unfocus` if the window lacks keyboard focus, improving workflow awareness.
Several terminal emulators offer robust functionality, but each has distinct characteristics compared to Kitty.
iTerm2 is a highly popular and feature-rich terminal for macOS, known for its extensive GUI-based settings and deep macOS integration. While it offers many advanced features like split panes and robust customization, Kitty generally surpasses it in raw GPU-accelerated performance and text rendering speed, especially on older hardware.
Alacritty is another blazing-fast, GPU-accelerated terminal emulator, written in Rust, that prioritizes raw speed and minimalism. It's often considered faster than Kitty in some benchmarks but lacks built-in features like tabs and splits, requiring external multiplexers like tmux. Kitty provides a better balance of performance and integrated features.
WezTerm is a cross-platform GPU-accelerated terminal emulator configurable with Lua, offering immense flexibility and advanced features like multiplexing and rich text. While highly powerful and customizable, its Lua-based configuration can be more complex than Kitty's plain text file, potentially increasing the learning curve for some users.
Ghostty is a newer, cross-platform terminal emulator focusing on speed, native UI, and modern features. It aims for a balance of performance and user-friendliness with intuitive settings. While promising, Kitty has a more established ecosystem of 'kittens' and a longer track record of development and community contributions.
Kitty is entirely free and open-source software, licensed under the GNU General Public License, version 3.0. There are no paid versions, subscriptions, or premium features; all functionalities are available to every user.
Kitty boasts an active and dedicated community, primarily centered around its GitHub repository, where the maintainer, Kovid Goyal, is highly responsive to issues and feature requests. The official documentation, accessible locally after installation or online, is comprehensive and well-regarded for its clarity and depth. Users frequently share their configurations, themes, and custom 'kittens' on platforms like Reddit (r/KittyTerminal, r/commandline) and various developer blogs, fostering a vibrant ecosystem of shared knowledge and customization. This collaborative environment ensures continuous improvement and a wealth of resources for both new and experienced users.
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Kitty stands out as a top-tier terminal emulator, particularly for power users and developers seeking a blend of high performance and extensive customization. Its GPU-accelerated rendering delivers a remarkably fast and fluid experience, while native multiplexing and the 'kitten' extension system provide powerful workflow enhancements. Although its text-based configuration might present a slight learning curve, the depth of control and the vibrant community support make it an incredibly rewarding choice for those willing to invest in its setup. Kitty consistently offers a modern, efficient, and visually appealing command-line environment.
Explores high-performance and feature-rich terminal applications beyond default offerings, focusing on customization, speed, and developer-centric tools.
Covers essential software and utilities for macOS developers, including code editors, version control clients, and command-line interfaces.
Focuses on personalizing the command-line interface, including shell configurations, prompt themes, font choices, and terminal emulator settings.
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