What is the Alfred Powerpack and what does it include?

The Alfred Powerpack is a one-time purchase upgrade that unlocks a suite of advanced productivity features. These include immensely powerful workflows for automation, a comprehensive clipboard history, text expansion snippets, universal actions for contextual interactions, deep music control, 1Password integration, and more in-depth file system navigation tools. It transforms Alfred from a simple launcher into a complete command center for your Mac, significantly boosting efficiency and customization capabilities.

How do I create a custom workflow in Alfred?

Creating a custom workflow in Alfred is done through the Workflows editor within Alfred's Preferences (Powerpack required). You start by adding a 'trigger' (like a hotkey or keyword), then connect it to various 'actions' or 'utilities' (e.g., 'Open File', 'Run Script', 'Copy to Clipboard'). Alfred's visual editor makes it easy to drag and drop elements and link them together, often without needing to write code. You can also import pre-made workflows from the Alfred Gallery or community.

Can Alfred replace Spotlight on my Mac?

Yes, Alfred is widely used as a superior replacement for macOS Spotlight. You can configure Alfred to launch using the same keyboard shortcut as Spotlight (Cmd+Space) by first disabling Spotlight's shortcut in your Mac's System Settings. Alfred offers all of Spotlight's core functionalities, such as app launching and calculations, but adds a wealth of advanced features like customizable search scopes, workflows, and a learning algorithm that prioritizes results based on your usage.

How does Alfred's Clipboard History work?

Alfred's Clipboard History (Powerpack feature) automatically saves every piece of text, image, or file link you copy to your clipboard. You can access this history using a designated hotkey (e.g., ⌥⌘C) or keyword. A viewer pops up, allowing you to scroll through past clips. You can then search, select, and paste any item from this history, effectively giving you an unlimited clipboard. It can retain items for various durations, from 24 hours to three months, and allows individual items to be cleared or saved as permanent snippets.

Is Alfred safe to download and use?

Yes, Alfred is considered a safe and trustworthy application for macOS. It is developed by Running with Crayons Ltd., a reputable company. Downloads from the official website are developer ID signed and notarized by Apple, meaning every update is checked by Apple to ensure its integrity and safety. While it requires Accessibility permissions for some advanced features, this is standard for productivity tools of its kind and necessary for its functionality.

Can I sync my Alfred settings across multiple Macs?

Yes, Alfred supports syncing its settings and data, including workflows, snippets, and custom searches, across multiple Macs. This is typically achieved using a cloud storage service like Dropbox or iCloud Drive. By specifying a sync folder in Alfred's preferences, all your configurations are kept consistent across your devices, ensuring a uniform and personalized productivity experience wherever you work.

What are Universal Actions and how do I use them?

Universal Actions (Powerpack feature) allow you to take immediate action on selected text, files, or URLs anywhere on your Mac. You select the content, then press a hotkey (default ⌥⌘\) to bring up Alfred's Actions panel. This panel presents context-sensitive options, such as copying to clipboard, saving as a snippet, searching the web, or triggering custom workflows for text transformations or file operations. It streamlines tasks by letting you act on content directly without switching applications or resorting to complex menus.

BUNDL

AI Builder

JavaScript is disabled. Some interactive features require JavaScript. Core content is still available below.

Loading…

Alfred

Name: Alfred
Availability: InStock

Productivity app for macOS with hotkeys and workflows

ProductivityFree

Alfred screenshot — Alfred — Official Website

Quick Take: Alfred

4.8

Alfred stands as an indispensable productivity powerhouse for macOS users in 2026. Its unmatched speed, profound customization through workflows, and robust features like Clipboard History and Snippets redefine how users interact with their Macs. While the Powerpack is essential to unlock its full potential, the one-time purchase model offers exceptional value. It requires a modest learning investment, but the return in saved time and enhanced efficiency is substantial, making it a highly recommended tool for anyone serious about optimizing their digital workflow.

Best For

•Productivity Enthusiasts
•Developers & Creatives
•Power Users

Install with Homebrew

brew install --cask alfred

What is Alfred?

Alfred is an award-winning productivity application for macOS, designed to supercharge user interaction with their Mac through a powerful command line interface and extensive customization. Originating before its 1.0 release, Alfred has evolved into a staple for power users and those seeking to streamline daily tasks, with its current version 5 continuing this legacy. It targets anyone from casual users looking for a faster app launcher to developers and creatives who leverage its advanced automation capabilities. What sets Alfred apart in 2026 is its unique blend of speed, a one-time purchase model for its 'Powerpack' features, and a thriving community-driven workflow ecosystem. Unlike basic system search tools, Alfred learns user habits, prioritizes results, and allows deep integration with the macOS environment, offering a robust alternative to native Spotlight search.

Key Features

Application & File Launcher

Alfred excels as a lightning-fast application and file launcher, replacing the default Spotlight search for many users. Users simply invoke Alfred with a hotkey (commonly Cmd+Space) and start typing to instantly find and open applications, documents, and folders. Beyond basic launching, Alfred learns user patterns, prioritizing frequently accessed items. For deeper file exploration, prefixes like 'open' or 'find' allow users to reveal files in Finder, search within file contents, or navigate directories directly from the Alfred bar. Powerpack users can also create highly specific File Filters, such as a filter for all PDF documents within a 'Work Projects' folder, enabling incredibly precise and rapid searches.

Powerful Workflows

Alfred's Powerpack unlocks its true automation potential through custom workflows. These allow users to link hotkeys, keywords, and actions to create complex automations without writing a single line of code. Workflows can integrate with other Mac apps, web services, and system commands, transforming repetitive tasks into single-command operations. For example, a workflow could take selected text, translate it, and paste it back, or trigger a sequence of actions like compiling code and uploading it to a server. The vast Alfred Gallery and community forums offer thousands of pre-built workflows for various use cases, making it easy to extend Alfred's functionality.

Clipboard History

The Clipboard History feature, part of the Powerpack, acts as a 'second brain' for copied content. It saves a comprehensive history of all text, images, and file links copied to the clipboard, preventing the loss of important information. Users can access this history via a dedicated hotkey or keyword, browse through past clips, and search for specific content by typing keywords from the original clip. For instance, if you copied five different pieces of information, you can easily recall and paste any of them without needing to recopy. The history is customizable, allowing users to set retention periods from 24 hours to three months, and individual items can be cleared or saved permanently as snippets.

Snippets & Text Expansion

Alfred's Snippets feature, available with the Powerpack, is a robust text expansion tool designed to eliminate repetitive typing. Users can save frequently used text clips, such as email addresses, standard replies, code blocks, or URLs, and assign them a short keyword or abbreviation. When that keyword is typed, Alfred automatically expands it into the full text snippet. For example, typing ';email' could expand to your full email signature. Snippets also support dynamic placeholders, allowing for the automatic insertion of current dates, times, or even content from the clipboard history, making them incredibly versatile for personalized communications and forms.

Universal Actions

Universal Actions empower users to interact with any selected content across macOS. By highlighting text in a browser, a URL in an email, or a file on the desktop and invoking a hotkey (default ⌥⌘\), Alfred presents a context-aware panel of actions. This allows for immediate manipulation of the selected item without disrupting workflow. For instance, a user can select text and instantly convert its case, search it on a specific website, or save it as a new snippet. For files, actions can include opening with a specific application, revealing in Finder, emailing, copying, moving, or even triggering custom workflows, significantly reducing mouse-based interactions.

Who Should Use Alfred?

1The Developer

A developer frequently needs to open specific project folders, search through codebases, and trigger custom build scripts. With Alfred, they can type a short keyword to open their `~/Projects/MyAwesomeApp` directory, then use a file filter to quickly locate all `.js` files modified in the last day. A custom workflow, triggered by a hotkey, could compile their current project and then push it to a remote server, integrating seamlessly with their version control system and saving precious minutes on repetitive tasks. They can also use Universal Actions to quickly transform selected text in their IDE to different casing (e.g., camelCase to snake_case) or to search documentation sites instantly.

2The Content Creator

A content creator manages numerous assets, writes frequently, and interacts with various online platforms. They use Alfred's Clipboard History to store multiple image links, article snippets, and research notes, easily recalling them for inclusion in their work. Snippets allow them to quickly insert frequently used disclaimers, social media hashtags, or branding information with a simple abbreviation. Workflows are invaluable for tasks like resizing images, uploading files to specific cloud storage, or even automating the process of generating social media posts from a blog article's title and link, boosting efficiency across their creative workflow.

3The Project Manager

A project manager juggles multiple tasks, communicates constantly, and organizes vast amounts of information. Alfred helps them quickly launch project management software, access specific client folders, or find meeting notes by typing a few characters. They leverage Universal Actions to take a selected URL from an email and immediately add it to a task in their project tracker or save it to a read-it-later service. System commands allow them to put their Mac to sleep or lock the screen instantly during a quick break, ensuring security without navigating menus. Custom web searches configured in Alfred provide instant access to internal company wikis or industry news sites.

How to Install Alfred on Mac

Installing Alfred on your Mac is straightforward, with Homebrew offering a clean and efficient command-line method. Follow these steps to get Alfred up and running, ready to enhance your productivity.

Install Homebrew (if not already installed)

Open Terminal (Cmd+Space, type 'Terminal', hit Enter) and paste the following command, then press Enter. Follow any on-screen prompts, including entering your macOS password: `/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"`

Install Alfred

Once Homebrew is installed, in the Terminal, run: `brew install --cask alfred`. This command will download and install Alfred into your Applications folder.

Verify Installation and Initial Setup

After installation, open Alfred from your Applications folder or by typing 'Alfred' in Spotlight. It's recommended to set Alfred's hotkey to Cmd+Space (by first disabling Spotlight's shortcut in System Settings > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Spotlight). Grant any necessary accessibility permissions when prompted to enable features like Clipboard History and Workflows.

Pro Tips

• Disable the default macOS Spotlight shortcut (Cmd+Space) to use it for Alfred, providing a seamless transition.
• Grant Alfred Accessibility permissions in macOS System Settings for full functionality, especially for Powerpack features like Clipboard History and Universal Actions.
• Explore Alfred's Preferences immediately after installation to customize its appearance, default searches, and hotkeys to suit your workflow.

Configuration Tips

Master Your Hotkey

The most fundamental configuration is setting Alfred's activation hotkey. Many users reassign the Cmd+Space shortcut, traditionally used by Spotlight, to Alfred for quick and intuitive access. This integrates Alfred deeply into your muscle memory, making it the primary interface for launching apps, searching files, and triggering commands. Consider also setting a 'Hyper Key' (e.g., Caps Lock remapped with Karabiner Elements) to combine with other keys for system-wide tasks and app-specific workflows.

Customize Default Results & Fallbacks

Tailor Alfred's default search results to keep them clutter-free. In Alfred Preferences > Features > Default Results, include only your most essential file types like Applications, System Settings, Contacts, and Folders. For broader searches, you can use explicit keywords or custom File Filters. Additionally, configure 'Fallback Searches' to define which websites (e.g., Google, Wikipedia, IMDb) Alfred should search when it can't find a local match, making web searches incredibly fast.

Leverage Clipboard History and Snippets

Enable Clipboard History in Alfred Preferences > Features > Clipboard and grant Accessibility permissions. Adjust the history retention period to your needs. For Snippets, start by saving frequently typed phrases like your email, address, or common code blocks. Assign short, memorable keywords (e.g., ';email', ';addr') and enable auto-expansion for instant text replacement. Organize snippets into collections for better management.

Alternatives to Alfred

While Alfred is a top-tier productivity tool, several alternatives offer similar or complementary functionalities. Understanding their differences can help users choose the best fit for their specific needs.

macOS Spotlight

Spotlight is Apple's built-in search tool, offering basic application launching, file search, calculations, and definitions. It's free and deeply integrated into macOS. However, Alfred surpasses Spotlight with its extensive customization options, powerful workflows, comprehensive clipboard history, and snippet expansion. While Spotlight is good for quick, basic tasks, Alfred provides a much richer and more extensible experience for power users seeking automation and deeper control.

Raycast

Raycast is a modern, extensible launcher gaining popularity, offering a sleek interface, built-in snippets, clipboard history, and a strong focus on developer tools and integrations. It has a free tier and a Pro subscription model. Raycast's appeal lies in its native feel and extensive API for custom extensions. Alfred, while also highly extensible with workflows, offers a more established and mature ecosystem with a one-time purchase for its Powerpack, which many users prefer over subscriptions. Both are excellent choices for productivity, with personal preference often dictating the winner.

LaunchBar

LaunchBar is another long-standing macOS productivity utility, sharing many core features with Alfred like application launching, file browsing, and text expansion. It's renowned for its adaptive learning and powerful text manipulation capabilities. LaunchBar's indexing is often praised for its thoroughness. Alfred often distinguishes itself with a more approachable workflow builder and a larger, more active community for sharing pre-built workflows. Both are premium applications, and choosing between them often comes down to specific UI preferences and workflow design philosophies.

Pricing

Freemium with One-time Powerpack Purchase

Alfred operates on a freemium model, providing a robust free version that handles core tasks like application launching, file searching, and web lookups. For users seeking advanced features, the 'Powerpack' is available as a one-time purchase. As of February 2026, the pricing for the Alfred 5 Powerpack is £34 (approx. $43 USD) for a Single License, which covers the current major version. A 'Mega Supporter' license is also available for £59 (approx. $75 USD), offering free lifetime upgrades to all future major versions of Alfred. This one-time payment structure is a significant differentiator, appealing to users who prefer avoiding recurring subscription fees for essential utility software.

Pros

✓Exceptional speed and efficiency for launching applications and finding files.
✓Highly customizable with powerful workflows for extensive automation without coding.
✓Comprehensive Clipboard History and Snippets for managing and expanding text efficiently.
✓One-time purchase for the Powerpack, offering lifetime upgrades with the 'Mega Supporter' option.
✓Active and supportive community providing a vast library of shared workflows and tips.

Cons

✗Advanced features like workflows and clipboard history require the paid Powerpack.
✗Initial learning curve for new users to fully harness the power of workflows and advanced settings.
✗Can be overwhelming to configure optimally without guidance due to the sheer number of options.
✗Some users prefer more modern UI designs offered by newer alternatives, though Alfred's design is functional.

Community & Support

Alfred boasts a vibrant and highly active community, primarily centered around its official forum. This forum serves as the primary hub for users to seek assistance, share their custom workflows, exchange productivity tips, and discuss new ideas. The Alfred team actively participates in the forums, providing direct support and insights. Beyond the forums, Alfred offers extensive online help documentation accessible directly from the application's preferences via question mark icons, and through a dedicated support site. While Alfred maintains a presence on social media platforms like Twitter (@alfredapp) and Facebook, these are generally not designated as official support channels, encouraging users to utilize the more comprehensive forum or direct email for specific inquiries, especially for Powerpack license holders.

Video Tutorials

Getting Started with Alfred

Chris Tomshack122.2K views

My Favorite Mac App for Productivity: Alfred #shorts

The Quirky Engineer • 8.7K views

My Entire Alfred Workflow: Supercharge Your Mac (for free)!

Jeff Su • 293.5K views

Good and Geeky - Alfred - Getting past the Basics tutorial. Best Mac Utility apps.

Good and Geeky • 249 views

Frequently Asked Questions about Alfred

Alfred offers a powerful free version that includes core functionalities like application launching, file searching, and web searches. However, to unlock its most advanced features, such as workflows, clipboard history, snippets, and universal actions, you need to purchase the 'Powerpack'. The Powerpack is a one-time purchase, not a subscription, which many users appreciate for long-term value.

Our Verdict

4.8/5

Best for:Productivity EnthusiastsDevelopers & CreativesPower Users

About the Author

Jordan Kim

Productivity & Workflow Analyst

Productivity ApplicationsNote-Taking & Knowledge ManagementTask & Project Management

8+ years in operations management · PMP certified

Related Technologies & Concepts

AlfredmacOSWorkflowsClipboard HistoryHomebrew

Sources & References

Fact-Checked

Last verified: Feb 15, 2026

Key Verified Facts

Alfred is a powerful productivity app for macOS, offering app launching, file searching, and custom workflows to streamline your daily tasks.[cite-1]
Alfred operates on a freemium model, with a robust free version and a 'Powerpack' for advanced features, which is a one-time purchase.[cite-4]
Alfred's Powerpack is priced at £34 for a Single License and £59 for a Mega Supporter license (with free lifetime upgrades) as of February 2026.[cite-39, cite-43]
Alfred's Clipboard History, part of the Powerpack, stores text, images, and file links, is searchable, and allows customizable retention periods.[cite-3, cite-8]
Alfred's Snippets feature allows users to save frequently used text clips and auto-expand them with keywords, supporting dynamic placeholders.[cite-14, cite-31]

1
How to Install and Use Alfred with Homebrew on macOS? - ITECH4MAC
Accessed May 28, 2025
2
Clipboard History - Alfred Help and Support
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
3
Demystifying Alfred App Pricing: What You Need to Know - Oreate AI Blog
Accessed Feb 13, 2026
4
System Commands - Alfred Help and Support
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
5
Search your Mac with Alfred - Alfred Help and Support
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
6
How I Use Alfred's Quick Clipboard History and Snippets Features - Mac Automation Tips
Accessed Nov 11, 2020
7
File Search - Alfred Help and Support
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
8
Clipboard History: The Feature You Never Knew You Needed - Alfred Blog
Accessed May 20, 2021
9
Contact Us - Alfred Help and Support
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
10
Alfred: What you need to know.. Instructions | by Alan He - Medium
Accessed Jun 8, 2024
11
System Commands Action - Alfred Help and Support
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
12
Alfred - Productivity App for macOS
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
13
How I use Alfred on my Mac to automate all the things | James Cridland
Accessed Oct 16, 2022
14
A Starter Guide to Alfred's Powerpack Features - Alfred Help and Support
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
15
Enhance Your File Search with Alfred - The Sweet Setup
Accessed Dec 26, 2019
16
Download & install alfred on Mac OS (Sonoma, Sequoia, Ventura) via Homebrew / brew - YouTube
Accessed Oct 26, 2024
17
NeighNeighNeigh/Alfred_HotkeySystem: Alfred Setup: System and App-Specific Hotkeys - GitHub
Accessed Jul 20, 2024
18
Alfred Gallery • Frequently Asked Questions
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
19
Transform text using Alfred's Universal Actions | by Utkarsh Shigihalli - Medium
Accessed Apr 17, 2022
20
Using Clipboard History Items In Workflows and Snippets - Alfred Help and Support
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
21
Universal Action Trigger - Alfred Help and Support
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
22
Universal Actions - Alfred Help and Support
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
23
Alfred Help and Support
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
24
Alfred Clipboard History actions | by ldstephens - Medium
Accessed May 24, 2022
25
Alfred Setup: System and App-Specific Hotkeys - Discussion & Help
Accessed Jul 19, 2024
26
My Alfred Setup | stefanzweifel.dev
Accessed Feb 3, 2021
27
A guided walk through for Alfred beginners - Reddit
Accessed Jan 23, 2025
28
A curated list of awesome alfred workflows - GitHub
Accessed Aug 8, 2024
29
Snippets and Text Expansion - Alfred Help and Support
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
30
Tips for New Alfred Powerpack Users | Sayz Lim
Accessed Aug 27, 2014
31
Alfred — Universal Action. Here, I will discuss the differences… | by Alan He - Medium
Accessed Aug 2, 2024
32
Working with Files in Alfred - Macdrifter
Accessed Aug 19, 2014
33
BEST Productivity Mac App: Alfred - Setup & Walkthrough - YouTube
Accessed Jun 29, 2023
34
Buy the Alfred Powerpack
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
35
alfred - Homebrew Formulae
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
36
Guides and Tutorials - Alfred Help and Support
Accessed Feb 15, 2026
37
Alfred Software Pricing, Alternatives & More 2026 - Capterra
Accessed Dec 14, 2025
38
Using Alfred's Snippets - by Stefan Schulte Strathaus - Medium
Accessed Sep 19, 2022
39
Alfred with Powerpack - Preview - YouTube
Accessed Jan 31, 2025
40
Alfred reviews - Discussion & Help - Alfred App Community Forum
Accessed Jul 5, 2018

Research queries: Alfred Mac 2026 features pricing review

Compare Alfred

Alfred vs Raycast

productivity launchers

Alfred vs Keyboard Maestro

automation

More Productivity

Explore More on Bundl

All Apps Comparisons Free Alternatives Collections

Similar Apps

Raycast

Blazingly fast productivity launcher with extensions

Notion

All-in-one workspace for notes, tasks, wikis, and databases

Obsidian

Knowledge base that works on local Markdown files

Loom

Record quick videos to share with your team

Linear

Modern issue tracking and project management

Grammarly

AI writing assistant for every platform

Read our complete guide to the best productivity for Mac

Alfred

Productivity app for macOS with hotkeys and workflows

ProductivityFree

Quick Take: Alfred

4.8

Best For

•Productivity Enthusiasts
•Developers & Creatives
•Power Users

Install with Homebrew

brew install --cask alfred

What is Alfred?

Key Features

Application & File Launcher

Powerful Workflows

Clipboard History

Snippets & Text Expansion

Universal Actions

Who Should Use Alfred?

1The Developer

2The Content Creator

3The Project Manager

How to Install Alfred on Mac

Install Homebrew (if not already installed)

Install Alfred

Once Homebrew is installed, in the Terminal, run: `brew install --cask alfred`. This command will download and install Alfred into your Applications folder.

Verify Installation and Initial Setup

Pro Tips

• Disable the default macOS Spotlight shortcut (Cmd+Space) to use it for Alfred, providing a seamless transition.
• Grant Alfred Accessibility permissions in macOS System Settings for full functionality, especially for Powerpack features like Clipboard History and Universal Actions.
• Explore Alfred's Preferences immediately after installation to customize its appearance, default searches, and hotkeys to suit your workflow.

Configuration Tips

Master Your Hotkey

Customize Default Results & Fallbacks

Leverage Clipboard History and Snippets

Alternatives to Alfred

macOS Spotlight

Raycast

LaunchBar

Pricing

Freemium with One-time Powerpack Purchase

Pros

✓Exceptional speed and efficiency for launching applications and finding files.
✓Highly customizable with powerful workflows for extensive automation without coding.
✓Comprehensive Clipboard History and Snippets for managing and expanding text efficiently.
✓One-time purchase for the Powerpack, offering lifetime upgrades with the 'Mega Supporter' option.
✓Active and supportive community providing a vast library of shared workflows and tips.

Cons

✗Advanced features like workflows and clipboard history require the paid Powerpack.
✗Initial learning curve for new users to fully harness the power of workflows and advanced settings.
✗Can be overwhelming to configure optimally without guidance due to the sheer number of options.
✗Some users prefer more modern UI designs offered by newer alternatives, though Alfred's design is functional.

Community & Support

Video Tutorials

Getting Started with Alfred

Chris Tomshack122.2K views

My Favorite Mac App for Productivity: Alfred #shorts

The Quirky Engineer • 8.7K views

My Entire Alfred Workflow: Supercharge Your Mac (for free)!

Jeff Su • 293.5K views

Good and Geeky - Alfred - Getting past the Basics tutorial. Best Mac Utility apps.

Good and Geeky • 249 views

Frequently Asked Questions about Alfred

Our Verdict

4.8/5

Best for:Productivity EnthusiastsDevelopers & CreativesPower Users

About the Author

Jordan Kim

Productivity & Workflow Analyst

Productivity ApplicationsNote-Taking & Knowledge ManagementTask & Project Management

8+ years in operations management · PMP certified

Related Technologies & Concepts

AlfredmacOSWorkflowsClipboard HistoryHomebrew

Sources & References

Fact-Checked

Last verified: Feb 15, 2026

Key Verified Facts

Alfred is a powerful productivity app for macOS, offering app launching, file searching, and custom workflows to streamline your daily tasks.[cite-1]
Alfred operates on a freemium model, with a robust free version and a 'Powerpack' for advanced features, which is a one-time purchase.[cite-4]
Alfred's Powerpack is priced at £34 for a Single License and £59 for a Mega Supporter license (with free lifetime upgrades) as of February 2026.[cite-39, cite-43]
Alfred's Clipboard History, part of the Powerpack, stores text, images, and file links, is searchable, and allows customizable retention periods.[cite-3, cite-8]
Alfred's Snippets feature allows users to save frequently used text clips and auto-expand them with keywords, supporting dynamic placeholders.[cite-14, cite-31]